Chemical Profiling of Citrus sinensis Root and the Effects of Its Secondary Metabolites on Cisplatin-Induced Renal and Cardiac Toxicities

Abstract Citrus fruits are among the most important economical crops, because of their nutritional value, medicinal importance, and unique flavor. Gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry hydro-distilled oil from root resulted in identification 110 compounds with germacrene B (22%), aromadendrene (21.6%), α-santalene (7.1%), geijerene (4,81%), D (4.3%), limonene (3.4%) as major constituents. In addition, chemical profiling dichloromethane fraction analyzed by high-performance chromatography-photo diode array detector-electrospray tandem mass afforded 43 belonging to acridone alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids. Moreover, xanthyletin, citracridone I II, clausarin, O -methylcitrusinine-I, grandisinine were isolated metabolites using column chromatography characterized depending on different spectroscopic techniques. Xanthyletin investigated for vitro cytotoxicity against hepatocellular carcinoma breast adenocarcinoma cell lines, vivo protective effect cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity cardiotoxicity dose levels a rat model. showed activity nephrotoxicity. It attenuated elevation both serum urea creatinine dose-dependent manner. xanthyletin malondialdehyde glutathione renal cardiac tissues. Graphical abstract